Angina

Angina: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Angina is a type of chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is a common symptom of coronary artery disease, a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. Angina can be a warning sign of a heart attack and should be taken seriously.

Causes of Angina

Angina is caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries. This can be the result of several factors, including:

Smoking

High blood pressure

High cholesterol

Diabetes

Obesity

Family history of heart disease

Stress

Symptoms of Angina

The most common symptom of angina is chest pain or discomfort, which may feel like pressure, squeezing, or a burning sensation. The pain may also be felt in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back. Other symptoms may include:

Shortness of breath

Nausea

Sweating

Dizziness

Fatigue

Heart palpitations

Symptoms of angina may occur during physical activity or emotional stress and usually go away with rest.

Treatment of Angina

Treatment for angina depends on the severity and frequency of symptoms. In mild cases, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular exercise may be effective in reducing symptoms. In more severe cases, medication may be necessary to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

Common medications used to treat angina include:

Nitroglycerin, which helps to relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart.

Beta-blockers, which help to slow the heart rate and reduce the workload on the heart.

Calcium channel blockers, which help to relax blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart.

In some cases, procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.

Prevention of Angina

Prevention of angina involves making lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. This may include quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, managing stress, and controlling conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes.

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