Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors help lower blood pressure by relaxing veins and arteries. How does this work? ACE assists in producing Angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels. This constriction can lead to high blood pressure, putting extra strain on the heart. ACE inhibitors interrupt this process by releasing enzymes that counteract the effects, including bradykinin, a peptide vasodilator. Angiotensin II also releases hormones that can elevate blood pressure.
When to Use ACE Inhibitors?
ACE inhibitors are prescribed to prevent, manage, or alleviate symptoms associated with:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Cardiovascular disease
- Heart failure
- Heart attacks
- Diabetes
- Certain chronic kidney conditions
- Scleroderma (a condition causing hardening of the skin and connective tissues)
- Migraines
Note: ACE inhibitors can sometimes be used in combination with other blood pressure medications like diuretics or calcium channel blockers. However, they should not be combined with angiotensin receptor blockers or direct renin inhibitors.
Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors
Here is a list of potential side effects of taking ACE inhibitors:
- Dry cough
- Increased blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia)
- Fatigue
- Dizziness due to low blood pressure
- Headaches
- Loss of taste
Occasionally, ACE inhibitors can cause tissue swelling. If throat swelling occurs and persists, it can become a life-threatening emergency.
The effectiveness of ACE inhibitors can be diminished by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen sodium (Aleve) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, among others). While occasional use of these medications is unlikely to interfere, frequent NSAID use may require a consultation with your doctor to discuss potential interactions.
Moreover, using ACE inhibitors during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about alternative treatments for managing high blood pressure.
ACE Inhibitors Drug List
ACE inhibitors are widely available and the best choice for you will depend on factors like your overall health and pre-existing conditions. For instance, individuals with chronic kidney disease may benefit significantly from an ACE inhibitor.
Some commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors include:
- Benazepril (Lotensin)
- Captopril
- Enalapril (Vasotec)
- Fosinopril
- Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
- Moexipril
- Perindopril
- Quinapril (Accupril)
- Ramipril (Altace)
- Trandolapril
You can purchase ACE inhibitor medications at your local pharmacy or on ProHealthSupporter.com.