Approximately 80% of all HIV diagnoses in the United States are among male patients. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that among the 1.2 million Americans living with HIV, 912,000 are men. While initial HIV symptoms may be similar for both men and women, they can diverge as the disease progresses.
HIV symptoms can vary significantly from person to person. Some individuals may not exhibit any symptoms, particularly during the early stages of the virus.
Both men and women can show general HIV symptoms. However, certain signs are more specific to men, such as ulcers on the penis, characterized by painful, recurring sores that are indicative of an HIV infection.
Early Symptoms in Men
- Low sex drive: This condition, known as hypogonadism, occurs when the testicles do not produce sufficient sex hormones, particularly testosterone. Testosterone is crucial for the development of male sexual characteristics, and low levels can lead to a decreased libido.
Hypogonadism related to HIV infection can include symptoms such as erectile dysfunction, depression, fatigue, impotence, and reduced bodily hair growth.
- Penis sores: Sores are one of the common indicators of HIV and can appear on the penis, mouth, or esophagus, potentially recurring at any time.
- Burning sensation during urination: Pain or a burning feeling when urinating is associated with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and chlamydia. This symptom may indicate swelling of the prostate, known as prostatitis.
Even though certain symptoms are more distinct in men, it is essential to remember that they can also indicate other health issues.
HIV Symptoms in Men After 1 Week
In the early stages, men and women generally exhibit similar HIV symptoms. Diagnosing the disease within the first week can be challenging. Specialists often recommend a two-week window period for a more accurate diagnosis. Early HIV symptoms in men after one week may include:
- Headache
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Skin rash
- Fatigue
- Ulcers
- Night sweats
- Swollen lymph glands
- Diarrhea
- Muscle aches
- Joint pain
HIV Symptoms in Men After 1 Year
HIV symptoms in men after a year can become more severe as the immune system becomes less capable of fighting infections. Symptoms may include:
- Rapid weight loss
- Extreme fatigue
- Prolonged diarrhea
- Penile sores
- Severe fever
- Recurring night sweats
- Memory loss
- Skin blotches
If HIV progresses to AIDS within a year of diagnosis, doctors will likely recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) to bolster the immune system. In addition to ART, other medications may be necessary to treat opportunistic infections and diseases.