An asthma attack can rapidly escalate into an emergency necessitating prompt first aid and medical intervention. The risks associated with an asthma emergency can be minimized by taking swift action. Symptoms typically intensify during an asthma flare-up, leading to difficulty breathing, persistent coughing, chest tightness, or uncontrollable wheezing. These flare-ups can occur gradually over hours, days, weeks, or even within minutes.
If you or a family member has a respiratory condition such as asthma, ensure you have an updated asthma emergency plan from your healthcare provider and are knowledgeable about the four steps of rapid asthma medication.
Numerous treatments for asthma are available. Your doctor might prescribe medications, assist you in creating a strategy to manage your asthma, and provide an instructive emergency plan for asthma attacks.
Understanding Asthma Triggers
Adult-onset asthma refers to asthma diagnosed in individuals over the age of 20. Those at risk of developing adult-onset asthma include women undergoing hormonal changes due to pregnancy or those on estrogen therapy post-menopause for ten years or more. Additionally, individuals who have contracted viruses like the flu or cold, those sensitive to cat allergens, people with GERD, and those exposed to irritants such as smoke or dust are also susceptible.
The condition may worsen if there is a family history of asthma or reactions to specific irritants. Exposure to smoke, dust, and pollution in urban areas can further trigger asthma.
Treatment Options for Adult Asthma
Asthma medications are categorized into two primary types:
Anti-inflammatories are the main type of medication for many asthma patients. Inhaled steroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce swelling and mucus accumulation in the airways, making them less sensitive and less likely to react to triggers. These medications should be taken daily and may take a few weeks to become effective.
Bronchodilators are medications that relax the tight muscles around the airways. This type of asthma medication aids in opening the airways, improving the flow of air in and out of the lungs. As the airways open, mucus moves more freely, making it easier to cough. Both short-acting and long-acting beta-agonists can prevent exercise-induced asthma symptoms.
To manage this condition, you can use an asthma nebulizer, dry powder inhaler, or metered dose inhaler. Additionally, oral treatments such as pills or liquids are available.
Responding to an Asthma Emergency
If diagnosed with asthma, identifying the triggers is essential. Avoiding these triggers may prevent an attack. However, in an emergency, follow these steps:
If you suspect an asthma attack:
- Keep your asthma first aid kit accessible
- Sit upright to ease your breathing
- Loosen tight clothing to aid in breathing
- Use your inhaler (with a spacer if possible)
- Continue using the inhaler if symptoms persist
- Monitor for any signs of improvement
- If the condition worsens, seek help immediately
- Consult a doctor for further medical attention
Adhering to your asthma management plan can prevent asthma attacks and mitigate the interruption caused by its symptoms. Regularly discuss your treatment regimen with your doctor, and maintain an asthma management journal to track your condition and document significant observations.